Cahaba School                                                                Email: dhminor@bellsouth.net or cahabaschool@bellsouth.net

LookWAYup online dictionary, thesaurus, translation Spanish Dictionary: http://www.spanishdict.com/ Human Body Diagram in Spanish http://www.enchantedlearning.com/language/spanish/label/body/ 1. Some Basic Phrases                   Lesson I 1-12                Lesson 2 13-24 Lesson 3 24-36             Lesson 4 37-48 Lesson 5 49-66                 1. ¡Buenos días!  bway-nohs dee-ahs  Hello! / Good morning! 2. ¡Buenas tardes!  bway-nahs tard-ays  Good afternoon! 3. ¡Buenas noches!  bway-nahs noh-chays  Good evening! / Good night! 4. ¡Hola! / ¡Chao! oh-lah / chow Hi! / Bye! 5. Adiós.  ah-dee-ohs  Good bye. 6. Por favor.  por fah-bor  Please. 7. Hasta la vista / Hasta luego.  ah-stah lah vees-tah / ah-stah loo-ay-go  See you / See you later. 8. Hasta pronto.  ah-stah prohn-toh  See you soon. 9. Hasta mañana.  ah-stah mahn-yahn-ah  See you tomorrow. 10. (Muchas) Gracias.  (moo-chahs) grah-see-ahs  Thank you (very much). 11. De nada. day nah-dah You're welcome. 12. Bienvenidos byen-veh-nee-dohs Welcome 13. Lo siento loh see-ehn-toh I'm sorry 14. Con permiso / Perdón kohn pehr-mee-soh / pehr-dohn Excuse me / Pardon 15. ¡Vamos! bah-mohs Let's go! 16. ¿Cómo está usted?  koh-moh ay-stah oo-sted  How are you? (formal) 17. ¿Cómo estás?  koh-moh ay-stahs  How are you? (informal) 18. ¿Qué tal?  kay tahl  How's it going? 19. Bien / Muy bien  bee-ehn / moy bee-ehn  Good / Very good 20. Mal / Muy mal / Más o menos  mahl / moy mahl / mahs oh may-nohs  Bad / Very bad / OK 21.Sí / No see / noh Yes / No 22.¿Cómo se llama usted?  koh-moh say yah-mah oo-sted  What is your name? (formal) 23. ¿Cómo te llamas?  koh-moh tay yah-mahs  What is your name? (informal) 24. Me llamo...  may yah-moh  My name is... 24. Mucho gusto. / Encantado. moo-choh goo-stoh / en-cahn-tah-doh Nice to meet you. 26. Igualmente. ee-guahl-mehn-tay Same here. 27. Señor / Señora / Señorita  sayn-yor / sayn-yor-ah / sayn-yor-ee-tah  Mister / Mrs. / Miss 28. ¿De dónde es usted?  day dohn-day ehs oo-sted  Where are you from? (formal) 29. ¿De dónde eres?  day dohn-day eh-rehs  Where are you from? (informal) 30. Yo soy de...  yoh soy day  I'm from... 31. ¿Cuántos años tiene usted?  quahn-tohs ahn-yohs tee-ay-nay oo-sted  How old are you? (formal) 32. ¿Cuántos años tienes?  quahn-tohs ahn-yohs tee-ayn-ays  How old are you? (informal) 33. Yo tengo _____ años.  yoh tayn-goh _____ ahn-yohs  I am _____ years old. 34. ¿Habla usted español? ah-blah oo-sted eh-spahn-yol Do you speak Spanish? (formal) 35. ¿Hablas ingles? ah-blahs een-glehs Do you speak English? (informal) 36. (No) Hablo... noh ah-bloh I (don't) speak... 37. ¿Entiende usted? / ¿Entiendes? ehn-tyen-deh oo-sted / ehn-tyen-dehs Do you understand? (formal / informal) 38. (No) Entiendo. noh ehn-tyen-doh I (don't) understand. 39. Yo (no lo) se. yoh noh loh seh I (don't) know. 40. ¿Puede ayudarme? pweh-deh ah-yoo-dar-meh Can you help me? 41. Claro que sí klah-roh keh see Of course 42. ¿Cómo? koh-moh What? Pardon me? 43. ¿Dónde está / Dónde están... ? dohn-deh eh-stah / dohn-deh eh-stahn Where is ... / Where are ... ? 44. Aquí ah-kee Here. 45. Hay / Había... eye / ah-bee-ah There is / are... / There was / were... 46. ¿Cómo se dice ____ en español? koh-moh seh dee-ceh ___ on eh-spahn-yol How do you say ____ in Spanish? 47. ¿Qué es esto? keh ehs ehs-toh What is that? 48. ¿Qué te pasa? keh teh pah-sah What's the matter (with you)? 49. No importa. noh eem-por-tah It doesn't matter. 50. ¿Qué pasa? keh pah-sah What's happening? 51. No tengo ninguna idea. noh tehn-goh neen-goo-nah ee-deh-ah I have no idea. 52. Estoy cansado / enfermo. eh-stoy kahn-sah-doh / ehn-fehr-moh I'm tired / sick. 53. Tengo hambre / sed. tehn-goh ahm-breh / sed I'm hungry / thirsty. 54. Tengo calor / frío. tehn-goh kah-lohr / free-oh I'm hot / cold. 55. Estoy aburrido. eh-stoy ah-boo-ree-doh I'm bored. 56. No me importa. noh meh eem-por-tah I don't care. 57. No se preocupe. noh seh preh-oh-koo-peh Don't worry 58. Está bien. ehs-tah bee-ehn That's alright. 59. Me olvidé. meh ohl-vee-deh I forgot. 60. Tengo que ir ahora. tehn-goh keh eer ah-oh-rah I must go now. 61. ¡Salud! sah-lood Bless you! 62.¡Felicitaciones! feh-lee-see-tah-see-oh-nehs Congratulations! 63.¡Buena suerte! bweh-nah swehr-teh Good luck! 64. Te toca a ti. teh toh-kah ah tee It's your turn. (informal) 65. ¡Callate! kah-yah-teh Shut up! 66. Te amo.  tay ah-moh  I love you. (informal and singular)   Notice that Spanish has informal and formal ways of saying things. This is because there is more than one meaning to "you" in Spanish (as well as in many other languages.) The informal you is used when talking to close friends, relatives, animals or children. The formal you is used when talking to someone you just met, do not know well, or someone for whom you would like to show respect (a professor, for example.) There are also two ways to say you in the plural, used when speaking to more than one person. Encantado, cansado, enfermo, and aburrido are the masculine forms of the words. If the words refer to a woman or are spoken by a woman, then the o changes to a.   2. Pronunciation Spanish Letter English Sound a ah e ay i ee o oh u oo ll y v b at beginning of word, real soft b between 2 vowels ñ ny (as in canyon) r almost like a d when in between 2 vowels rr r w/ a roll of the tongue d almost like a th when in between 2 vowels j hard h g g, sometimes a h qu k ai / all / ay eye z s z, ce, ci th (in most parts of Spain) Stress: Just as in English, Spanish stresses a certain syllable in a word. If a word ends in a consonant, except s or n, the stress is on the last syllable. If a word ends in a vowel, or s or n, the stress is on the second-to-last syllable. For words that do no follow these rules, an accent is written over the vowel so that you will know to stress that syllable, as in el pájaro (bird). 3. Alphabet a ah j hoh-tah r air-ay b bay k kah rr airr-ay c say l ay-lay s ay-say ch chay ll ay-yay t tay d day m ay-may u oo e ay n ay-nay v oo-bay f ay-fay ñ ayn-yay w doh-blay-bay g hey o oh x ah-kees h ah-chay p pay y ee-gree-ay-gah i ee q koo z say-tah Note: The Spanish language academy no longer considers the ch, ll or rr to be separate letters of the alphabet.   4.  Definite and Indefinite Articles and Demonstratives Masc. Singular Fem. Singular Masc. Plural Fem. Plural the el  (ail) la  (lah) the los  (lohs) las  (lahs) a, an un  (oon) una  (oon-ah) some unos  (oon-ohs) unas  (oon-ahs) this este esta these estos estas that ese esa those esos esas that aquel aquella those aquellos aquellas El is also used with feminine nouns beginning with a or ha when the accent is on the first syllable.  Words that end in -o and -or are generally masculine, with a few exceptions: la mano (hand), la foto (photo). Words that end in -a are generally feminine, with a few exceptions: el mapa (map), el problema (problem). Other feminine words end in -ción, -tad, -dad, or -tud. Use the ese forms to mean that when what you are talking about is near the person you are addressing.  Use the aquel forms when what you are talking about is far from both you and the person you are addressing.  Esto and eso are the neuter forms of this and that.  They can be used in general and abstract ways. Demonstrative adjectives (listed above) are used before a noun; if you want to use the demonstrative pronouns, which are used before a verb, add an accent on all of the first e's: éste, ésta, éstos, éstas, ése, ésa, ésos, ésas, aquél, aquélla, aquéllos, aquéllas.     5. Subject Pronouns yo yoh I nosotros(as) noh-soh-trohs we tú too you (informal) vosotros(as) boh-soh-trohs you all él / ella / usted ail / ay-yah / oo-sted he / she / you (formal) ellos / ellas / ustedes ay-yohs / ay-yahs / oo-sted-ays they / they / you (plural) Note: Vosotros is used only in Spain when speaking to more than one person with whom you know well. Nosotras and vosotras refer to a group of all females, as well as ellas. Ustedes is almost always used for saying "you all" in all Spanish speaking countries. Usted can be abbreviated to Ud. Ustedes can also be abbreviated to Uds. Please note that the subject pronouns are rarely used before verbs.     6. Work and School doctor dentist lawyer professor teacher engineer architect writer journalist musician painter pharmacist banker carpenter barber mechanic salesman electrician postman policeman soldier pilot secretary typist nurse el médico el dentista el abogado el profesor el maestro el ingeniero el arquitecto el escritor el periodista el músico el pintor el farmacéutico el banquero el carpintero el barbero el mecánico el vendedor el electricista el cartero el agente de policía el soldado el piloto la secretaria la mecanógrafo la enfermera history math algebra geometry science physics chemistry zoology botany geography music art drawing painting linguistics languages la historia las matemáticas el álgebra la geometría la ciencia la fisica la química la zoología la botánica la geografía la música el arte el dibujo la pintura la lingüística las lenguas / idiomas     7.  Misc. Words a lot mucho always siempre very much muchísimo everyday todos los días a little poco now ahora very little muy poco usually usualmente sometimes a veces there ahí well bien over there allí after después too bad demasiado malo poorly mal       8. To Be and to Have ser - to be present past future soy I am fuí I was seré I will be eres you are fuiste you were serás you will be es he/she/it is fué he/she/it was será he/she/it will be somos we are fuimos we were seremos we will be sois you are fuisteis you were seréis you will be son they are fueron they were serán they will be estar - to be present past future estoy I am estuve I was estaré I will be estás you are estuviste you were estarás you will be está he/she/it is estuvo he/she/it was estará he/she/it will be estamos we are estuvimos we were estaremos we will be estáis you are estuvisteis you were estaréis you will be están they are estuvieron they were estarán they will be tener - to have present past future tengo I have tuve I had tendré I will have tienes you have tuviste you had tendrás you will have tiene he/she/it has tuvo he/she/it had tendrá he/she/it will have tenemos we have tuvimos we had tendremos we will have tenéis you have tuvisteis you had tendréis you will have tienen they have tuvieron they had tendrán they will have Ser is used to identify or describe.  It tells what something is, its basic characteristics, or its origin.  Estar is used to tell the location of something or how someone feels. Uses of Ser Identify person/object Inherent characteristics or qualities Nationality/Occupation Telling time Express ownership Impersonal expressions Passive voice El edificio es un templo. La casa es grande. Carlos es pobre. Es carpintero. Son las tres. Los libros son de Juan. Es necesario. El teléfono fue inventado por Bell. The building is a temple. The house is large. Charles is poor. He is a carpenter. It's three o'clock. The books are John's. It is necessary. The telephone was invented by Bell. Uses of Estar Location/position Temporary condition/state State of health Form progressive tense El libro está en la mesa. La ventana está abierta. Juan está enfermo. Miguel está estudiando. The book is on the table. The window is open. John is sick. Michael is studying. Sometimes changing the verb can completely change the meaning: ser aburrido means to be boring, while estar aburrido means to be bored. Others include: ser bueno - to be nice, estar bueno - to be in good health; ser callado - to be discrete, estar callado - to be silent; ser moreno - to have brown hair, estar moreno - to be tan. Common Expressions with "to be" to be afraid - tener miedo to be against - estar en contra to be at fault - tener la culpa to be careful - tener cuidado to be cold - tener frío to be curious - ser curioso (a) to be happy - estar contento (a) to be hot - tener calor to be hungry - tener hambre to be in a hurry - tener prisa, estar de prisa to be jealous - tener celos to be lucky - tener suerte to be patient - tener paciencia to be successful - tener éxito to be thirsty - tener sed to be tired - estar cansado (a)     9.  Question Words what qué which cuál(es) who quién(es) how much cuánto (-a) how cómo how many cuántos (-as) when cuándo whom a quién(es) where dónde whose de quién(es) why por qué     10. Numbers / Ordinals 0 cero say-roh 1 uno oo-noh first primero 2 dos dohs second segundo 3 tres trays third tercero 4 cuatro kuah-troh fourth cuarto 5 cinco seen-koh fifth quinto 6 seis says sixth sexto 7 siete see-ay-tay seventh séptimo 8 ocho oh-choh eighth octavo 9 nueve new-ay-vay ninth noveno 10 diez dee-ays tenth décimo 11 once ohn-say eleventh undécimo 12 doce doh-say twelfth duodécimo 13 trece tray-say thirteenth décimo tercero 14 catorce kah-tor-say fourteenth décimo cuarto 15 quince keen-say fifteenth décimo quinto 16 diez y seis dee-ays ee says sixteenth décimo sexto 17 diez y siete dee-ays ee see-ay-tay seventeenth décimo séptimo 18 diez y ocho dee-ays ee oh-choh eighteenth décimo octavo 19 diez y nueve dee-ays ee new-ay-vay nineteenth décimo noveno 20 veinte bayn-tay twentieth vigésimo 21 veinte y uno bayn-tay ee oo-noh twenty-first vigésimo primero 22 veinte y dos bayn-tay ee dohs twenty-second vigésimo segundo 30 treinta trayn-tah thirtieth trigésimo 40 cuarenta kuar-ain-tah fortieth cuadragésimo 50 cincuenta seen-kuain-tah fiftieth quincuagésimo 60 sesenta say-sain-tah sixtieth sexagésimo 70 setenta say-tain-tah seventieth septuagésimo 80 ochenta oh-chain-tah eightieth octogésimo 90 noventa noh-bain-tah ninetieth nonagésimo 100 cien(to) see-ain-(toh) hundredth centésimo 1000 mil meel thousandth milésimo Note: If you are just saying 100, you use cien. If it's over 100, you use ciento. So 101 is ciento uno. And 156 would be ciento cincuenta y seis. Also you can also use dieciséis, diecisiete, dieciocho, and diecinueve for 16, 17, 18, and 19, respectively. They are pronounced the same but are combined into one word. Additionally, 21-29 can be written as one word (veintiuno, veintidós, veintitrés, etc.), but you need to use y for the rest of the numbers.     11. Days of the Week Monday lunes loo-nays Tuesday martes mar-tays Wednesday miércoles mee-air-coh-lays Thursday jueves hway-bays Friday viernes bee-air-nays Saturday sábado sah-bah-doh Sunday domingo doh-ming-oh the day el día ail dee-ah the week la semana lah say-mahn-ah the weekend el fin de semana ail feen day say-mahn-ah today hoy oy tomorrow mañana mahn-yahn-ah my birthday mi cumpleaños mee coom-play-ahn-yohs     12. Months of the Year January enero  ay-nair-oh    February febrero  fay-bray-roh  March marzo  mar-soh  April abril ah-breel  May mayo mi-oh June junio hoo-nee-oh July julio  hoo-lee-oh August agosto ah-gohs-toh September septiembre sayp-tee-aim-bray October octubre ohk-too-bray November noviembre noh-bee-aim-bray December diciembre dee-see-aim-bray the month el mes ail mais the first of [a month] el primero de [month] ail pree-mair-oh day _____ the year el año  ail ahn-yoh     13. Seasons spring la primavera winter el invierno summer el verano autumn el otoño Note:  To say in the summer, spring, etc. use en and the season.  En verano means in the summer.     14. Directions   north el norte east el este south el sur west el oeste     15. Colors red rojo violet violeta pink rosado brown marrón orange anaranjado dark brown marrón oscuro yellow amarillo black negro green verde gray gris blue azul white blanco light blue celeste gold dorado purple morado silver plateado     16. Time Qué hora es? What time is it? Es la una. It's one. Son las dos/tres/cuatro... It's two/three/four... Es mediodía. It's noon. Es medianoche. It's midnight. Son las cinco y cinco. It's 5:05 Son las ocho y cuarto. It's 8:15 Son las diez menos cuarto. It's 9:45 Son cuarto para las diez It's 9:45 (common in Mexico) Son las nueve menos diez. It's 8:50 Son diez para las nueve It's 8:50 (common in Mexico) Son las tres y media. It's 3:30     17. Weather Qué tiempo hace? What's the weather like? Hace buen tiempo. The weather's nice. Hace mal tiempo. The weather's bad. Hace frío. It's cold. Hace calor. It's hot. Hace sol. It's sunny.